Annapolis Roots. Religious Freedom, Chivalry in Naming, Slavery, and Wealth. Anomalies. MD.

Annapolis, Maryland, MD.  Roots of Annapolis. Annapolis' history and anomalies.

Annapolis' Roots in religious freedom, women, slavery, and Ego Alley.

Lord Baltimore's Religious Revenge.

1.  Annapolis, the town, has roots in religion.  As a colony, it reflected religious tolerance by the Roman Catholic Lord Baltimore in offering land there as a sanctuary for persecuted Puritans, their settlement known as Providence; and for his wife. Then came Protestant preeminence with naming for Queen Anne Stuart of England, and then what? Is that freedom of religious observance now tilted back in the Academy in favor of Lord Baltimore with the prominent placement of the sectarian chapel in Bancroft Hall, the huge common residence, see the disparity of Place for various religions at USNA, see Bancroft Hall, Annapolis, Naval Academy. Pride of Place for One.

2. Annapolis Roots in women.   Annapolis, after the Puritans lost center stage, also reflects, new interests as they arose, the chivalric nod to roles of women (the usual diminution) who furthered the rank of the men.  The child-bride of Lord Baltimore, Anne Arundell, who was age 13 at her marriage in England, inherited vast lands that her husband used to establish the Maryland colony.  Without that where would he be, pray tell? Her Anne Arundell's Towne became Annapolis later, however, for city of (polis) Anne.  This Anne was different, however. The town was now to be known for its original benefactress, but for Queen Anne Stuart of England.  See http://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc3500/sc3520/002800/002811/html/2811bio.html/ 

So, tradition easily gave way to the new interest du jour.  Expedience, and pleasing the Powers of the time. This is not new -- colonies and their dominant towns changed names for those reasons frequently.  Ethnic backgrounds, politics.

3.  Annapolis' Roots in slavery.  CityDock, just outside the Naval Academy gates, shows other city roots. 

 The port here was used for the loading and unloading of slaves.  CityDock now displays a memorial to Alex Haley's Roots.  Alex Haley:  author, 1921-1992.  Read Roots.  It is not just for TV, see http://www.biography.com/people/alex-haley-39420/.  Alex Haley also wrote a biography of Malcolm X, documenting the struggles of black Americans during and after slavery,  but that aspect is not memorialized that I could see at Annapolis.  Just show cute kids, and not too close to each other.

Annapolis , Alex Haley memorial, Roots. CityDock

Kunta Kinte: a root-main character in Roots. You can sit on the bench and squirm around to read it.

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4.  Annapolis' Roots in Ego Alley.

This docking area in the larger marina is also a place where slaves were downloaded. It is at the end of the narrow waterway known as Ego Alley, see http://www.tripadvisor.com/Travel-g29494-d196116/Annapolis:Maryland:Ego.Alley.html.

This vast marina and CityDock sets a holiday mood, drink and spend invitation for the military overhang just on the next block. Enjoy a BLT with this local and splendid addition:  with fried softshell crab.  Roots in spending money.  Is this Washington-Military-Wall Street Whatever.  Ego Alley in motion.  Whose yacht?  This is Spring Day, out of Yakima Washington.  See http://www.dol.wa.gov/vehicleregistration/docvessels.html, as a start.  Little children in an inflatable motorized dinghy are enjoying the ego of Ego Alley.


 Spring Day, motor launch at CityDock, Annapolis, out of Yakima Washington

A yacht registered in Yakima.  Has it set wet foot there?  Or can it be registered by mail?  Scoot it through the Panama Canal to get here?

Annapolis.  What religion prevails:  not the Puritans, who lost Providence to Anne Arundell's Towne.  Not Anne Arundell's, Catholicism, who lost out to Queen Anne Stuart and her Protestantism.  Not Queen Anne who -- if a passerby is asked, might not even know who she was;  perhaps the military industrial complex.  But that idea depends on tracing the yachts so close to Washington DC and so easy to get away and not see.

Religion at Annapolis:

Lord Baltimore's religious revenge:  the chapel located right in the main residence hall, Bancroft Hall at http://worldwar1worldwar2.blogspot.com/2014/09/bancroft-hall-annapolis-role-of.html

Annapolis. USNA. Tecumseh, Tamamend, as Sideshow. MD.

 Annapolis, Maryland.  MD. Tecumseh.  Dignified, dedicated warrior, leader. Skilled opponent. 

Why turn him into a racist, gender-ridiculing cartoon? 

Annapolis. Academy humiliation of Tecumseh. Really Tamamend. Cultural-ethnic disconnect at the Naval Academy.

A walking tour of the Naval Academy soon arrives at the annually dolled up statue of Tecumseh at, yes, Tecumseh Court there. It turns out to be Tamamend, or Tamiment, instead of Tecumseh, but each is a venerable leader, revered in his time.  At this site, they are treated as one and the same, see http://www.dcmemorials.com/index_indiv0003250.htm/.  It is disquieting. The paint job, apart from the female costume imposed, is apparently inspired by the figurehead of the American Privateer vessel, the General Armstrong, from a battle in the War of 1812 in the Azores, see http://www.usni.org/magazines/navalhistory/2014-03/daring-defense-azores/.  The figurehead is in the Naval Academy Museum Collection USNA 1922.001.0075:

Figurehead, War of 1812 American privateer, The General Armstron, USNA Museum, Annapolis

1.  First, Tecumseh.  As an opponent warrior, who lost, does he nonetheless deserve this? Is it really all good fun, or is there an element of making the powerless more so?

Tecumseh, Shawnee chief 1768-1813, from Ohio area, opposed the European white settlements expanding past the Appalachian mountains.  He  worked to establish an effective confederation of tribes to resist, and joined the British in the War of 1812 against the United States. Other tribal leaders were turning to religious inspiration to rally more of their people to defend against the usurper whites. Surprising?  No.  As with Christians, and Muslims, and probably many other religious groups seeking autonomy or control of others, he said, "The Great Spirit above has appointed this place for us, on which to light our fires, and here we will remain. As to boundaries, the Great Spirit above knows no boundaries, nor will his red people acknowledge any.” See http://www.warof1812.ca/tecumseh.htm He died in that war, at the Battle of the Thames in Canada, 1813.  http://www.biography.com/people/tecumseh-9503607/

Tecumseh.  His life was dedicated to serious causes, issues with us today, his implementation of strategy was thorough, skillful.  This warrior deserves respect.  See him at the Naval Academy. What had been a fine statue of Tecumseh, arrows at his back, a dignified visage, has become a caricature, cause for jokes and painted costumery to the raucous jeers of the ignorant. See his other masquerades at google images, a search for Annappolis Tecumseh statue.  It has become an officially sanctioned joke.  Paint it up and get good grades?  That's a zero.  Next?  

Surely the public relations people at the Academy might see a contemporary problem here. Yet, see the  Public Affairs Office (et tu?)) at the Academy ha-ha-ing it at http://www.usna.edu/PAO/faq_pages/Tecumseh.php/ 

2.  What if this is not Tecumseh. Does it make a difference if the Native American is somebody with less gravitas. 

This indeed is not Tecumseh, but the tale gets no better for it. The caricature is of another, with equal or more gravitas.  Meet Tamamend, chief of the Lenni Lenape; and that that identification had been made back in 1914.  Can't tell the good folks at home, though.  Too embarrassing.  Truth be damned.  See Sarasota Herald-Tribune (May 6, 1971) news/  The original statue, has always been Tamamend, and is at the Smithsonian, says the article.

• At this Baltimore Sun 11/28/2005 article, however, with a woman painting him up, he is identified as Tamamend. See http://www.baltimoresun.com/entertainment/sun-magazine/bal-statue-of-tecumseh-at-us-naval-academy-20130430,0,1345672.photo/  

3.   Is the derision acceptable if Tamamend is less admirable so we excuse it because it is not Tecumseh?  No.  

Use a goat instead of a venerable minority leader.  No derision is ever acceptable where the undercurrent of powerlessness, inferiority, speaks loud and controls.  If the Navy must deride somebody, do a Goat, so it is clear nobody intends to insult anyone.

Goat, ready for jokes instead of Tecumseh-Tamamend. Apply at Annapolis.

I can get you the address of this goat, to use instead of Tecumseh.

So:  Tamamend.  Tamamend  was a dignified, honorable leader of his people.  Look up TAMAMEND: Chief, Leni Lenape tribe, 1628-1698, Pennsylvania area See.https://americancoloniesdana.wikispaces.com/Famous+People+-+Middle+Colonies/  

The name means affable, or easy to talk to, according to that site.  Traits:  include loyalty, friendship to colonists. Knew William Penn and both respected each other. Tamamend sold (!) land to the colonists and got back "guns, axes, blankets, knives, matchcoats and other supplies."  Did that shock the conscience of anyone? Loved peace. Famous words, "We will live in peace with William Penn and his children as long as the creeks and rivers run, and as long as the stars and moon endure."  Seen as wise by his people.

• But was Tamament Wise?  Not in ways he had to be faced with early capitalist exploiters. The tribes had never had to deal with colonists before.  Out-bid, out-negotiated, no meeting of minds at all, exploitation start to finish.  We look from our property-worship perspective at the naivete of the Native Americans.  
• But the site notes they thought they were sharing land, no concept of actually selling or even owning land.  Land could "belong" to a tribe and still be shared with others.  Shall we give it back, in penance?

His territory:  Philadelphians will recognize his people's farming grounds, along Neshaminy Creek. Visit Neshaminy Mall sometime.  Is the Shackamaxon Country Club near the old Shackamaxon as well?

• More Tecumseh:  Facebook jokes continue with collage of photos at https://www.facebook.com/usnamuseum/posts/839940342689928

4.  Finish your walking tour of the Academy at the Museum and -- ye gods, what is this.  Tecumseh -Tamamend again? Wasn't once enough? Or is this someone else entirely.  No idea.  Jesus had a beard, we are told.  Or is this a centurion? With what at his chest?  Research continues.

 

5.  In parting.  Is this institutional sideshow, that everybody seems to approve, really still ok?  Are we to be impressed with the sensitivity of our military, or is that just lame.  If they are to represent the interests of a nation, however, lame is not good enough.  No.  Institutional derision of others' prominent historical figures is not ok.

•  Ask:  What is "off" here?  Just transgender and beard the dude up anyway for jokes and better grades, we are told ha ha.  But the undercurrent is derision.  You could do the same to George Washington, for example, and it might be funny.  Do it to a minority respected leader, and it is not so much. Doll up Susan B. Anthony and the message is different as well. 
•  Power and powerlessness make the difference.  This instance is a power play.  Ask a Native American. There are 17 Native American cadets in the class of 2017, some 1.4%.  Poll them.  Do they think this is hilarious? See cadet class demographics at http://paulryan.house.gov/uploadedfiles/usafa_class_of_2017.pdf

Naval Academy Tecumseh look-alike: Who is infringed?

Arlington Cemetery, General Pershing. Virginia. VA. John Joseph "Black Jack" Pershing.

Virginia. VA.  A walkabout in Arlington Cemetery. General 'Black Jack' Pershing.

1.  Pershing's life: Examine his record and find there is no heroism without ambivalence. His times defined his actions, when he acted in ways we would call unethical; but he stood out in his sympathies with blacks, his drive to understand war opponents and their language and culture. Ethicists will always argue whether cultural setting should excuse otherwise heinous acts, inhumanities, such as looking at his obedience to orders in the slaughter, blocking the escape of the Apache from Wounded Knee. 

•  The Pershing formula, tweaked:  The humanitarian sought to understand allies and opponents, both; but the pragmatist, loyal military man, did not hesitate to use the violence ordered to carry out a mission; or question it. 
• Accordingly, Pershing was respected and did work among and with blacks, led the segregated black Cavalry regiment (the 10th) with the men serving with distinction and were in turn praised by him (thus the Black Jack derisive term of others in the Army toward him and his sympathies); learned Apache and Lakota ways, then as surely blocked their escape from the Cavalry slaughter at Wounded Knee, among other circumstances. Fostered US economic and political imperialism in Mexico, pursuing Pancho Villa (unsuccessful) with lessons there on "terrorism" -- who engages in it, perils of the chase). Ambiguity.

• You Are Remembered, WWI General Pershing memorial, Arlington Cemetery VA
  
  

• Relationship with the 10th Cavalry.  General Pershing was no opportunist, coming late to command blacks.  Instead, he had taught in a black school as a young man to earn money for college.  The black segregated Cavalry unit he led was known as the buffalo soldiers because of their hair, resembling buffalo, said some.*  
• Relationship with Mexican first friends then opponents.He participated in nation-changing (Mexico) and punitive slaughters of Mexicans acting against American economic interests in Mexico, and led expeditions in Mexico to find opponents of American policy, wearing out the Mexican government's welcome (the opponents also had been enemies of the government) and then forced to leave.  See http://www.pbs.org/itvs/storm-that-swept-mexico/the-revolution/faces-revolution/john-pershing/  
• As a Cavalry officer on the Western frontier, he cut off the escape of native Americans during and after the slaughter of them by the Cavalry at Wounded Knee.  See  http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=806/  
• Genocides and massacres and brutal economic empire-building are part of American history.  Clear out the pagans, the different, to make room for us, the superior.  Clear out the heretic, said the religious institution and crusaders and inquisitors until recently, to make room for us, the superior and only interpreter of text. Clear out the infidel say others now, in their turn, and before.  Plus ca change.

2.  Location, location. To find General Pershing, skip the bus. Take the tourist center map, weave around the roads, the lettered big lots. If heat overcomes, sit in the shade. Ask, looking about, what is the significance of memorial stone choices. What does the choice of stone, absence of pomp, communicate about the person, or is all bureaucratic happenstance fitting everyone in.

General John J. Pershing, grave, Arlington Cemetery

General Pershing is buried with a plain stone, facing the direction of WWI soldiers, his "doughboys."  This brings to mind General George C. Patton in Hamm Cemetery, Luxembourg, whose grave also is marked with a modest stone, facing his men.  He had served as an aid to General Pershing (Mexico, pursuit of Pancho Villa, whom they never found and then had to leave because the American soldiers were getting rambunctious and obnoxious in the Mexican towns, see http://www.pbs.org/itvs/storm-that-swept-mexico/the-revolution/faces-revolution/john-pershing/.

3.  Life in detail. The breadth of Pershing's American experience: sources vary on some facts, see sites above glommed here, and including at http://shs.umsystem.edu/historicmissourians/name/p/pershing/; and

1860.  Born, Missouri. Father a railroad switchman, findagrave, or traveling salesman after losing family farms in an eonomic depression, see http://shs.umsystem.edu/historicmissourians/name/p/pershing/.
1877.  Taught black children, Prairie Mound rural school in Charlton, used money to enter college.
____. Entered Kirksville Normal School (Truman State University); then went back to Prairie Mound, decided to be a lawyer, returned to Kirksville

1882.  Entered West Point, became class president, cadet captain, graduated 30th out of 70. Cavalry. Learned Apache dialect, and sign language used by Plains Indians.
 ____. Orders: Serve on Western frontier, under General Nelson A. Miles, Orders: subdue the Lakota, eliminate a religious movement among them, the Ghost Dance. Known as Wounded Knee Massacre, http://shs.umsystem.edu/historicmissourians/name/p/pershing/. Got citation. He had blocked the escape of the Indians after the Cavalry slaughter of 200-300 of them; some 25-30 Cavalry were killed. 

• "Black Jack" nickname.  Pershing commanded a black regiment, the 10th Calvary, that some called the "Buffalo Soldiers."

1891-95+. At University of Nebraska, as professor of military science.  Got law degree. Returned as tactical officer to West Point
1898.  Spanish-American War. Philippines:  earned Silver Star. Known as "cool under fire." Theodore Roosevelt noticed him. Pershing set up the administrative bureau still serving the Philippines and Puerto Rico. Was made captain.  At San Juan Hill battle in Cuba, Pershing again led his 10th Cavalry, the black regiment, and praised their work to others, unusual for that time, see http://shs.umsystem.edu/historicmissourians/name/p/pershing/
1899.  Back to Philippines, against tribes known as "Moros" resisting the US cultural-economic takeover; studied the culture of the Moros, was respected by them; put down an uprising, more people noticed him.
1904.  Russo-Japanese War.  Military attache, American embassy in Tokyo.
ese War.

1905.  Married Helen Frances Warren, a Senator's daughter, which Senator also chaired the Senate Military Affairs Committee.
1906. Resentment. Perceived nepotism. Pershing was promoted by his father-in-law, advancing up four grades and over some 840 officers in line before him, see http://shs.umsystem.edu/historicmissourians/name/p/pershing/but Pershing served well, including back in Philippines as military commander.

1914. Mexico. President Woodrow Wilson put him under command of General Frederick Funston. Orders: "pursue and disperse" Pancho Villa and guerrillas.
1915.  Tragedy intervened:  a home fire where his wife and children lived (the Presidio, military base in San Francisco) killed his wife and three daughters, leaving only a surviving son,  Francis Warren age 5, whose life was saved by a family maid who led a rescue party into the burning house.  There had been "inadequate and antiquated" fire equipment at the Presidio, and nine people had died of fires in the last three years, see full archive article.

• Who was the maid? Research:  the "family maid" who saved little Warren Pershing was an elderly black servant woman, see http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9404E7DA1138E633A2575BC2A96E9C946496D6CF/  What was her name? Surely she deserves to be remembered? Fill in here ____________________.
• Warren:  1909-1980. In Army as private, died NYC, ashes buried place unknown, see http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=97089222

1916 ff. US government opposed Victoriano Huerta, and Pershing invited two Mexican Generals to meet with him, Pancho Villa and Alvaro Obregon, all then supporting Venustiano Carranza. Power struggle.  The friendship did not last. Pancho Villa raided into New Mexico, killing 18 soldiers and civilians, and wounding 10 more. Details at http://www.pbs.org/itvs/storm-that-swept-mexico/the-revolution/faces-revolution/john-pershing/  Back to Mexico: did not capture Villa, Mexico would not let the RR be used for US supply lines, but resentments of Mexicans grew also because of skirmishes of Army with them. Pershing did stop the "terrorism" (Terrorism? Villa responding to protect his own nation's interests against colonial-economic power of US?  Research needed.  President sought to avoid a war. 

• Fair use quote, Pershing's response to being ordered to stop the search in Mexico for Pancho Villa:  "Pershing described the failed mission as 'a man looking for a needle in a hay stack with an armed guard standing over the stack forbidding you to look in the hay.' " See http://shs.umsystem.edu/historicmissourians/name/p/pershing/ 

 Promoted to Major General.

1917. WWI.  America declared war on Germany, troops to be sent to France. President Wilson, advised by Major Douglas McArthur, named Pershing to create and command American Expeditionary Forces for France. From some initial 130,000, numbers of troops rose to some 2,000,000 in a year and a half.  Good PR:  Pershing laid wreath at grave of Marquis de Lafayette. Pershing's aide declared: "Lafayette, we are here!" A repay for France's assistance in the Revolutionary War. Pershing would not allow American troops only to replace depleted ranks of British or French, and insisted that the Americans fight as one unit, no lending out.
1918.  Success: Americans won over Germans at St. Mihiel Salient.; fought well along Hindenburg Line at Meuse-Argonne Offensive. Cut German lines at Sedan. Then Armistice.

• Return to US, hero, Thanks of Congress and promoted to General of the Armies of the United States, a rank Congress created for Geo. Washington in 1799, but Washington never accepted it, but Congress foisted it on him posthumously. Pershing also declined the 5 stars to which that rank entitled him. Always wore 4 stars. Thus, Washington remains the senior ranking officer US Army.

1921 - 1924:  Army Chief of Staff, then retirement.
1925 ff.  Chaired American Battle Monuments Commission, wrote memoirs and was awarded a Pulitzer Prize. Lived at Walter Reed, gave advice as called upon WWII for Gen Geo. C. Marshall who had earlier held his own against Pershing in pressing for better conditions, supplies, transportation for WWI soldiers, Pershing became best man at Marshall's marriage.

1948.  Death. President Harry S. Truman, also a veteran of WWI (doughboy) led procession after the funeral to Memorial Amphitheatre. Only 9 people have been honored at the Amphitheatre.  Pershing: requested to be buried with his men, and was interred on a knoll in front of them, with the usual regulation tombstone.  Other honors: the Distinguished Service Cross, the Distinguished Service Medal, the Silver Star,and many foreign awards.
Buried beside him:    grandsons, Second Lieutenant Richard Warren Pershing, Vietnam vet, killed there; see http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=pv&GRid=9142; and Colonel John Warren Pershing III, who died of vascular disease, see http://www.arlingtoncemetery.net/jwpershing.htm.

Dan Widing at grave, General John H. Pershing at left, and grandson 2d Lt. Richard Warren Pershing on right (killed in Vietnam war) (or is that other grandson John Warren Pershing on the right?  Both are up there), Arlington Cemetery

4.  Leave with admiration, and sadness for our own blindness in dealing with our own.  John Joseph Pershing was a man of his times, with lessons for us grappling with similar issues of reactions to American civilian-capitalism and nation-control activities abroad (we call it terrorism), race relations, family tragedy, dedication to duty, superior performance and what qualities bring it about. What should be relegated to history so that all are supposed to start with a fresh slate now? Can we expect others not to use the same tactics we ourselves used to become, in our view, on top. Is our past so noble. In some ways, yes, in others, not at all.

....................................................................
* Folksong, Buffalo Gals Come Out Tonight: see https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bahU4W0S2YAd/ there said to refer only to the girls of Buffalo NY, and the name of the town could change where sung.  But is that the earliest derivation of how "buffalo" is used, or is the usage a later resolution of a cultural ambiguity, how to refer to blacks as in the Indian term for Buffalo Soldiers for black soldiers?  In about 1844, it was sung (credited to, but what other sources lay behind?) by a blackface minstrel, see http://www.balladofamerica.com/music/indexes/songs/buffalogal/index.htm

Arlington Cemetery VA, at DC. Arlington House. Virginia. Robert E. Lee Memorial. Kennedy Graves.

Virginia. VA.  Confederate General Robert E. Lee, graduate of West Point, never owned many places associated with him:  his birthplace at Stratford Hall, where he was bor; and Arlington House, where his wife, Mary Custis, had a life estate only, and the property was by will of her father to go to her son, George Washington Custis Lee (see bloodlines at http://www.arlingtoncemetery.mil/Explore-the-Cemetery/History/Arlington-House).  Robert E. Lee, then, was only a custodian after the death of Mary, charged with leaving the estate in good order for the next in line, as fate might or might not have it.  See  http://www.arlingtoncemetery.mil/Explore-the-Cemetery/History/Arlington-House.

Arlington House looms large in photographs, with the Greek Revival big pillars.

Arlington Cemetery, Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy Onassis, Arlington house in background

Grave of Robert F. Kennedy, Arlington House in background, Arlington Cemetery

Ted Kennedy's grave, Senator Edward Kennedy, on the other side, also is a simple ground-level plaque and cross.  Do I have them mixed here?

Grave of Edward F. Kennedy, Arlington house in background. Dan Widing at Arlington Cemetery, foreground, .

From the side, however, Arlington House is modest, small family-size.

Arlington House, side view, Arlington Cemetery.  Graves of union soldiers.

The Lees were forced to vacate at the outset of the Civil War.  To be sure they never returned, the Union Army buried its soldiers right up to the house itself, long rows.  

Robert E. Lee was creative, and an engineer.  He devised his own lounge chair with fold-down table at the left arm.  Was he left-handed?  this was a speculation when he favored leading with the left while planning a heavy right, see http://civilwartalk.com/threads/was-lee-left-handed.99829/).  He signed the peace treaty at Appomattox with his right hand, however, show the paintings, and a wax figure at Appomattox.  He wrote to Mrs. Lee, however, at one point, that he had been injured and was just beginning to use his left hand for dressing etc., see General Lee: A Biography of Robert E. Lee, by Fitzhugh Lee.  A relative? 

The chair indeed reclines. This is in the bedroom.

Robert E. Lee's special design armchair, Arlington House, Arlington Cemetery.

Arlington House, Deodor cedar, as old as the Civil War itself

Old trees at Arlington: see http://treestewards.org/2014/06/23/arlington-national-cemetery-tree-walks/

Stonewall Jackson. VA. Track last days. Chancellorsville to Guinea Station. The man, the arm.

 The Three Losses of Stonewall Jackson
Chancellorsville to Guinea Station, Virginia. VA. The wounded, then the dying man.

Confederate Major Stonewall Jackson stands for opposites of victory and loss, and for irony. He had brought victories to the Confederacy in the early years of the Civil War. Then came the losses, in threes as the sages warn. His arm, his life, and his birthplace as Confederate.

• On May 2, 1863, Stonewall Jackson was shot, by mistake, and his left arm was amputated on May 3.
•  On May 10, he died. 
• Then, on June 20, after his death, he lost part of his legacy: the character of the State of his birth.  Parts of Virginia, including the town of his birth, Clarksburg, seceded to become West Virginia, and not Confederate. A loyal Confederate Virginian: Would he ever accept West Virginian? See http://www.aaregistry.org/historic_events/view/west-virginia-created-secession-southern-confederate-state/.  

Each of these losses was also was a loss for the Confederacy, even a tragedy as events then turned, and especially for General Robert E. Lee who considered Major Jackson to be his right arm. 

Here, follow the trail of Stonewall Jackson from Chancellorsville, where he was shot and his arm amputated, to where he was taken for a hoped-for recovery at Guinea Station. The route of the ambulance-wagon is well mapped.  Drive it. Leave for another day visits to West Virginia.

1.  Chancellorsville.  The battle; Confederates prevailed.

 Stonewall Jackson was an orphan of poor background who rose to graduate from West Point, He was serving under General Robert E. Lee in 1863, when, returning from a reconnoitre patrol, he was shot in the arm by his own men, a case of darkness misidentificaton.  He was first laid here, where this simple stone marker replaces one first set by Stonewall's staff.  It is located a little indecorously behind the -- yes -- tourist center. See http://www.nps.gov/frsp/index.htm

 Stone marker, the wounded Stonewall Jackson, Chancellorsville VA

His left arm was amputated at a nearby tavern also at Chancellorsville, and to be tossed on the heap. Someone thought this would not be appropriate, and retrieved the arm, and buried it at a nearby farm, Ellwood Manor, with connections to Stonewall Jackson. But is it really still buried here, was it ever, if not here, where is the arm? Nearby?  Never?  Stories conflict, see http://www.npr.org/2012/06/28/155804965/the-curious-fate-of-stonewall-jacksons-arm

Ellwood Manor, small plantation where arm of Stonewall Jackson is buried, Wilderness Battlefield, near Chancellorsburg VA

The building is open for tours, but don't miss the fine lowest step at the main entrance.

Ellwood Manor, ornate lower step, main entrance; farm where arm of Stonewall Jackson is buried, Wilderness Battlefield, near Chancellorsburg VA

 The ambulance route.  There is no major VA road heading diagonally south.  Straggle around the crossroads. Avoid major interstates unless you have to give up, as we did.  GPS has to be updated.  Ours was not. Ergo, the Big Interstate.

2.  Guinea Station, a railway stop.

The Jacksons had family ties in Guinea Station, and I understand that he and his wife and baby daughter stayed there for a brief few weeks together away from the battles, not long before.  He was brought here by ambulance wagon after the amputation of his arm.  He died there on May 10, 1863.  See http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/thomas-j-stonewall-jackson-dies.

Farms had formal names, in addition to its identity as the Chandler plantation, it had the name Fairfield, at Guinea Station. The only structure remaining -- now a kind of shrine -- is the home-office of the overseer where Stonewall Jackson was brought for treatment, away from the battlefields, and he died a few days after.  His wife stayed in the main house, now gone.

Where Stonewall Jackson died, Fairfield, Chandler plantation, Guinea Station VA

The structure is more administrative offices for the overseer, but he also lived here.

Overseer's home and offices, Chandler plantation, Fairfield, Guinea Station VA

The guides tell us that the bed is the original, and some of the bedding, where Stonewall Jackson died. 

Bed where Stonewall Jackson died, Guinea Station VA

Overseer's office, where doctors and friends and family consulted. Death of Stonewall Jackson, Guinea Statio VA

Sitting area, bedroom where Stonewall Jackson died, Guinea Station VA

Rest area, bedroom of Stonewall Jackson, Guinea Station VA

Story goes:  That a train was set to arrive with special doctors to treat Stonewall Jackson, but the Union held it up so it could not pass. True?  That would not be an unusual tactic.  Jackson himself, when told of the bravery of the Union soldiers, is said to have said -- more tales -- to kill them all anyway.  He did not want them brave. He wanted them dead. Such is war.  Am checking the source.

Stonewall Jackson's death: Chandler's Farm, view from overseer's office-house where Stonewall Jackson died, Guinea station VA

Stonewall Jackson's last words are said to be: "Let us cross over the river and rest under the shade of the trees."    Here, view down the road at Guinea Station, from Chandler's plantation.  The Matta River is nearby, see http://www.civilwar.org/battlefields/northanna/north-anna-history-articles/guinea-station-1.html; http://www.civilwarconnect.com/2013/05/from-a-place-of-fear.html

Upstairs, the overseer slept, and while Stonewall was below, also friends and visitors.  These narrow beds were are told are fainting couches, handy for extra guests, but usually in the big house where the lady could catch a few winks without disturbing her dress; or recover from shortness of breath from the spanx of the day.

Upstairs bedroom, overseer's home and office, Guinea Station, VA.  Stonewall Jackson was in a bed on the first floor.

History. Its angles, spin, fabrications, motives of the victor who records, and spins and fabricates.  We haz baggage.  No story can ever be told to the satisfaction of both victor and defeated.  Is that why anger festers.

Trunk, overseer's house, Guinea Station, VA

3.  Virginia and Son of Virginia.  Favorite Son.

Thomas Jonathan Jackson.  He remains, of course, a Virginia favorite son.  And secession. A zero sum game. A tool of warfare, putting force of politics and power ahead of force of armed warriors. See http://www.civilwarconnect.com/2013/05/from-a-place-of-fear.html/  

West Virginia was admitted as a State in 1863, during the Civil War itself.   Boundaries of the original colonies were set largely by original grants, patents and charters from England, but some were modified as custom and acceptance, or lack of acceptance, determined.  With time, some boundaries in outlying areas of the colonies themselves were jockeyed about and divvied, or new, previously unsettled (read, no whites) territories sought statehood.  West Virginia was one of a very few states formed by secession from a colony.  Dozens of Virginia counties were absorbed into the new West Virginia in 1863, and since the Civil War was in process, some votes had to be postponed or results later ratified.  That's that, quoth the government, promoting the union of the nation.   See http://www.wvculture.org/history/government/wvboundaries.html